“The Ralph Civil Rights Act of 1976 (Ralph Act) declares that all people should be free from violence and intimidation by threat of violence because of their actual or perceived (a) political affiliation; (b) personal characteristics (gender, race, disability etc.); or (c) position in a labor dispute. . . The elements of a Ralph Act claim are (a) defendant threatened or committed violent acts against plaintiff; (b) a motivating reason was defendant’s perception of plaintiff’s protected characteristic (e.g., age, disability, etc.); (c) plaintiff was harmed; and (d) defendant’s conduct was a substantial factor in causing that harm.”
[California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trail Claims & Defenses [citations to primary sources omitted]]
