In California law, presumptions are legal conclusions or assumptions that may be drawn from certain facts, unless proven otherwise. Presumptions shift the burden of proof to the party contesting the presumption. Presumptions can be rebuttable, meaning the opposing party can present evidence to disprove the presumed fact, or they can be conclusive, meaning they cannot be disputed.
On the other hand, inferences are conclusions drawn from the facts presented, based on the reasoning of the fact-finder, such as a judge or jury. Inferences are not automatically assumed by law but are conclusions that the fact-finder may logically make based on the evidence. For instance, in a criminal trial, a jury might infer a defendant’s intent to commit a crime based on their actions, even though intent itself is not directly observable. Inferences are more flexible than presumptions and depend on the circumstances and the totality of the evidence. Unlike presumptions, inferences do not shift the burden of proof and are not mandatory conclusions but rather conclusions drawn from the evidence at hand.
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